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DogCatReproductive

Pyometra

Lethargy, poor appetite, vomiting, marked thirst, abdominal enlargement or vaginal discharge in an unspayed female dog or cat may indicate pyometra. Infection can rapidly progress to sepsis and shock and become life-threatening.

Emergency

Go to a clinic immediately if

  • An unspayed female is profoundly weak, collapses, vomits repeatedly, has abdominal pain or pale gums
  • Low body temperature, rapid breathing, poor responsiveness or collapse may signal sepsis and shock
Contact a veterinary clinic

Possible signs

  • Lethargy, poor appetite, increased drinking and urination, vomiting, abdominal enlargement or vaginal discharge
  • With a closed cervix there may be no discharge; thirst, lethargy and abdominal enlargement still matter

What it is

Pyometra is a severe bacterial infection of the uterus, most often developing after a hormonal cycle in an unspayed adult or older female. With a closed cervix there may be no visible discharge even while the uterus fills with pus. Infection can lead to sepsis, organ injury, uterine rupture and infection of the abdominal cavity.

What to expect at the veterinarian

The veterinarian will assess shock, dehydration, pain and organ injury. Blood and urine tests plus abdominal ultrasound or radiographs help confirm the diagnosis and assess complications. Preferred treatment in most cases is urgent surgical removal of the infected uterus and ovaries together with intravenous fluids, antimicrobials and monitoring. Medical management is reserved for selected breeding cases and carries a substantial recurrence risk.

Sources
  • Guideline or consensus statement. Pyometrawww.acvs.org

Updated: 26 Oct 2026

Important information

This guide does not diagnose and does not replace veterinary advice.

Do not give human medicines, leftover antibiotics or other treatment unless a veterinarian directs you. If you are unsure how urgent a sign is, contact a veterinary clinic.