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Xylitol
Sugar alcohol (sweetener). Toxic doses for dog from published sources; they are not treatment doses.
Toxic doses
Single acute ingestion, mg of the substance per kg of body weight. These are toxic doses, not treatment doses.
| Species | Signs begin | Severe | Deaths reported | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dog | from 100 mg/kg | from 500 mg/kg | not established |
MSD Vet Manual: xylitol · Dunayer 2006 (ASPCA APCC) +2
High confidence
Thresholds agree across sources; the liver effect is not strictly dose-related. Reference book A veterinary reference written and reviewed by specialists, summarising accepted practice. The product label gives the authorised dose. MSD Veterinary Manual, Professional version, reviewed Sep 2024, 2024 hypoglycaemia over 100, liver necrosis over 500 Scientific article A study or review published in a scientific journal. Its findings apply to the animals and conditions it studied. Veterinary Medicine, Vet Med 2006;101(12):791-797, 2006 lowest dose seen in liver failure 500; 8-dog series Scientific article A study or review published in a scientific journal. Its findings apply to the animals and conditions it studied. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, JVECC 2015;25(5):646-654, 2015 192 dogs: about 15% hypoglycaemic, none with liver failure Guideline or consensus statement Recommendations agreed by a panel of veterinary specialists after reviewing the evidence. They guide practice and do not authorise a product. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Consumer update products that contain xylitol |
| Cat | Not shown to be toxic in a small study |
Jerzsele et al. 2018 · MSD Vet Manual: xylitol
Medium confidence
One small study (6 cats). Scientific article A study or review published in a scientific journal. Its findings apply to the animals and conditions it studied. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018;41(3):409-414, 2018 6 cats, 100-1000 mg/kg: no hypoglycaemia, no liver changes Reference book A veterinary reference written and reviewed by specialists, summarising accepted practice. The product label gives the authorised dose. MSD Veterinary Manual, Professional version, reviewed Sep 2024, 2024 cats not considered at risk |
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Dog
Signs: Vomiting (often first), weakness, ataxia, collapse, seizures; later jaundice and bleeding (petechiae, gut bleeding); low potassium and phosphate.
Hypoglycaemia can begin within 30-60 minutes (up to 12-18 hours with chewing gum); liver failure can follow at 9-72 hours without hypoglycaemia first. Found in sugar-free chewing gum and sweets, some peanut butters and oral liquids.
Cat
Not shown to be toxic in a small study: in 6 cats, 100-1000 mg/kg caused no hypoglycaemia and no liver changes. The evidence is small.
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This reference is still growing. Missing a product? Let us know. · Report an error or request an addition · Updated: 18 Oct 2026