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Active substance

Atipamezole

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Alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist. Registered in Georgia: 2 veterinary products. Forms: solution.

Dose and use

Doses

Each dose comes with its source. Check the label of the product you use.

Active substance Atipamezole
Dose calculatorCalculates the active-substance amount; it is not a prescription.
PatientSpecies and weight will be filled in automatically in other calculators.
Selected dose
Dose Species Indication Route Frequency Source
200 mcg/kg Dog, Cat Sedation reversal Intramuscular once
VMD SPC 2025
Official product label (SPC), VMD, UK
Approved by the UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) as part of the product's authorisation. It applies to that product as authorised there.
Antisedan 5 mg/ml solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics
UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate, 2025
Before use

Safety information

Known Contraindications

  • Critical
    Do not use in animals hypersensitive to atipamezole or to the excipients (methyl parahydroxybenzoate).
  • Warning
    Safety in pregnancy and lactation has not been established; use is not recommended.
  • Warning
    Safety in pregnancy and lactation has not been established; use is not recommended.
  • Caution
    Ketamine: in dogs do not use atipamezole to reverse a combination that included ketamine; in cats do not give it within 30-40 minutes of ketamine, as the remaining ketamine effect may cause convulsions. Let the animal recover somewhere quiet; dogs may have transient low blood pressure in the first 10 minutes.
Latin name
Atipamezole
Georgian name
ატიპამეზოლი
Authorisation status
Authorised veterinary medicine
An authorised veterinary medicine containing this substance exists. Whether a particular use is on-label depends on the species and the indication - see each dose rule.
Registered in Georgia
2 of 2 forms
Products
Antimed, Antisedan
Controlled in Georgia
No
Checked against the narcotics law, Annex 1, lists I-IV, and Order No. 22/n.
Verified on: 18 Oct 2026
All forms and registration2

Registration in Georgia and abroad: the register, number, validity and source are behind (i).

Antimed 5 mg/ml, Solution

atipamezole hydrochloride 5 mg/ml, solution for injection
vetman assessment
vetman’s 10-point assessment brings together a product’s regulatory credibility, clinical efficacy, safety and practicality. Cost-effectiveness is assessed only when reliable data are available. It is informational and does not replace a veterinarian’s clinical judgment for an individual patient.
Dog Reversal of medetomidine/dexmedetomidine sedative, analgesic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects in dogs, excluding ketamine-containing protocols
7.9/10
Good
vetman assessment

Antimed

5 mg/ml, atipamezole hydrochloride 5 mg/ml, solution for injection
Assessed clinical scopeDog · Reversal of medetomidine/dexmedetomidine sedative, analgesic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects in dogs, excluding ketamine-containing protocols · Intramuscular
Care settingMonitored veterinary recovery with the original alpha-2 drug, concentration, dose and combinations documented; quiet environment, continued haemodynamic/respiratory/temperature observation and re-sedation readiness
vetman score 7.9/10 Good
Evidence confidence: Medium Georgia: Yes, veterinary · № 000585 · Verified on 18 Oct 2026

A credible, locally authorised and highly practical alpha-2 reversal product for documented medetomidine/dexmedetomidine protocols. Do not use it as a general antidote or to reverse a canine ketamine-containing protocol; recovery monitoring continues after awakening.

Regulatory and scientific credibility7.5/10

The exact 5 mg/ml 10 ml product has a current Georgian veterinary authorisation and a detailed manufacturer instruction covering composition, species, dose ratios, timing, safety and storage. Current VMD/EU same-strength controls are strong, but the exact instruction is not regulator-hosted, independent Antimed outcome data are absent and its canine ketamine wording conflicts with the recognised SPC.

Clinical efficacy8.5/10

Atipamezole is a highly specific and well-established antagonist with dose-response and modern haemodynamic evidence supporting rapid reversal after medetomidine/dexmedetomidine. It is not a general anaesthetic antidote and this assessment excludes canine ketamine combinations.

Safety and tolerability7.5/10

Adverse effects are usually transient, but early hypotension, tachycardia/over-alertness, vomiting, defecation, panting or tremor can occur. Awakening can precede full haemodynamic recovery and re-sedation remains possible, so monitoring must continue.

Clinical practicality8.5/10

A single IM injection, rapid expected arousal and equal-volume relation to preceding Imomedine 1 mg/ml are highly practical when the original protocol is documented. Ratio errors, canine ketamine exclusion, possible repeat and continued recovery observation remain essential checks.

Full-course cost-effectiveness-

A current Georgian clinic acquisition price and protocol-specific comparator cost were not verified; price is excluded from the denominator.

Important safety and use flags

  • Antimed is a specific antagonist for medetomidine or dexmedetomidine. It does not reverse ketamine, opioids, propofol, inhalants or unrelated sedatives and must not be treated as a general antidote.
  • Do not use Antimed to reverse a canine protocol containing ketamine. The local instruction permits delayed use, but the current recognised Antisedan SPC explicitly prohibits reversal of canine ketamine combinations; follow the safer higher-tier boundary.
  • Calculate from the actual preceding alpha-2 dose: atipamezole micrograms/kg = 5× medetomidine or 10× dexmedetomidine. Equal ml volume applies only to medetomidine 1 mg/ml or dexmedetomidine 0.5 mg/ml, not every product.
  • Document the original drug, concentration, route, time, dose and all combinations before reversal. A remembered brand colour or a fixed 0.04 ml/kg shortcut is unsafe when the preceding dose differed.
  • Awakening is not full recovery. Continue heart rate/rhythm, blood pressure, respiration/oxygenation, temperature and behaviour monitoring; haemodynamic recovery may lag and re-sedation can occur.
  • Transient hypotension may occur in the first 10 minutes; vomiting, defecation, panting and muscle tremor are reported. Allow recovery in a maximally quiet place and reassess perfusion rather than treating arousal alone as success.
  • If depression persists, repeat only after 10–15 minutes and after reassessing dose calculation, injection delivery, other anaesthetics, temperature, oxygenation and disease. More antagonist does not reverse non-alpha-2 drugs.
  • Overdose may cause temporary hyperactivity and tachycardia. Minimise external stimulation, provide quiet observation and treat clinically important cardiorespiratory effects rather than automatically adding more drugs.
  • Avoid in hypersensitivity and pregnancy/lactation; use cautiously in hepatic disease. Exact-product evidence in very young, geriatric or severely compromised patients is limited.
  • Store below 25°C in the original pack, protected from light and moisture, and discard 28 days after opening. Accidental self-injection can alter human alertness and cardiovascular function and requires urgent medical assessment.
Assessment sources
  1. Antimed exact instruction2026
  2. VMD SPC 20252025
  3. Antisedan UPD control2026
  4. Dog atipamezole dose-response trial1990
  5. Dog atipamezole haemodynamic trial2019
Assessed: 22 Oct 2026The overall score uses 25/25/25/15/10 weights. An unassessed price is excluded and the remaining weights are proportionally renormalised.
Cat Reversal of medetomidine/dexmedetomidine sedative, analgesic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects in cats, including correctly timed recovery after supported ketamine combinations
7.7/10
Good
vetman assessment

Antimed

5 mg/ml, atipamezole hydrochloride 5 mg/ml, solution for injection
Assessed clinical scopeCat · Reversal of medetomidine/dexmedetomidine sedative, analgesic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects in cats, including correctly timed recovery after supported ketamine combinations · Intramuscular
Care settingMonitored veterinary recovery with the original alpha-2 drug, concentration, dose and combinations documented; quiet environment, continued haemodynamic/respiratory/temperature observation and re-sedation readiness
vetman score 7.7/10 Good
Evidence confidence: Medium Georgia: Yes, veterinary · № 000585 · Verified on 18 Oct 2026

A credible, locally authorised and practical feline alpha-2 reversal product with direct clinical support. Its value depends on the correct dose ratio, ketamine delay, active warming and continued observation after rapid arousal.

Regulatory and scientific credibility7.5/10

The exact 5 mg/ml 10 ml product has a current Georgian veterinary authorisation and a detailed manufacturer instruction covering composition, species, dose ratios, timing, safety and storage. Current VMD/EU same-strength controls are strong, but the exact instruction is not regulator-hosted, independent Antimed outcome data are absent and its canine ketamine wording conflicts with the recognised SPC.

Clinical efficacy8.5/10

A blinded multicentre feline trial and current regulatory labels support rapid reversal of sedation/analgesia, heart-rate recovery and limitation of further respiratory-rate/temperature decline. Effect depends on correct alpha-2 dose ratio and ketamine timing.

Safety and tolerability7.0/10

Hypothermia may persist despite awakening; over-alertness/tachycardia can follow overdose and early post-ketamine reversal can provoke convulsions. Continued warming, quiet recovery and monitoring are required even when righting returns rapidly.

Clinical practicality8.0/10

A single IM injection, rapid expected arousal and half-volume relation to preceding Imomedine 1 mg/ml are practical. Small-volume accuracy, mandatory ketamine delay, active warming and continued monitoring add manageable clinical work.

Full-course cost-effectiveness-

A current Georgian clinic acquisition price and protocol-specific comparator cost were not verified; price is excluded from the denominator.

Important safety and use flags

  • Antimed is a specific antagonist for medetomidine or dexmedetomidine. It does not reverse ketamine, opioids, propofol, inhalants or unrelated sedatives and must not be treated as a general antidote.
  • After a ketamine-containing feline protocol, wait at least 30–40 minutes after ketamine before atipamezole. Earlier alpha-2 reversal can leave unopposed ketamine and provoke convulsions.
  • Calculate from the actual preceding alpha-2 dose: atipamezole micrograms/kg = 2.5× medetomidine or 5× dexmedetomidine. Half ml volume applies only to medetomidine 1 mg/ml or dexmedetomidine 0.5 mg/ml, not every product.
  • Document the original drug, concentration, route, time, dose and all combinations before reversal. A remembered brand colour or a fixed 0.04 ml/kg shortcut is unsafe when the preceding dose differed.
  • Awakening is not full recovery. Continue heart rate/rhythm, blood pressure, respiration/oxygenation, temperature and behaviour monitoring; haemodynamic recovery may lag and re-sedation can occur.
  • Continue active temperature monitoring and warming. Feline hypothermia may persist after partial reversal even when the cat is awake and able to stand.
  • If depression persists, repeat only after 10–15 minutes and after reassessing dose calculation, injection delivery, other anaesthetics, temperature, oxygenation and disease. More antagonist does not reverse non-alpha-2 drugs.
  • Overdose may cause temporary hyperactivity and tachycardia. Minimise external stimulation, provide quiet observation and treat clinically important cardiorespiratory effects rather than automatically adding more drugs.
  • Avoid in hypersensitivity and pregnancy/lactation; use cautiously in hepatic disease. Exact-product evidence in very young, geriatric or severely compromised patients is limited.
  • Store below 25°C in the original pack, protected from light and moisture, and discard 28 days after opening. Accidental self-injection can alter human alertness and cardiovascular function and requires urgent medical assessment.
Assessment sources
  1. Antimed exact instruction2026
  2. VMD SPC 20252025
  3. Antisedan UPD control2026
  4. Feline dexmedetomidine-atipamezole trial2006
Assessed: 22 Oct 2026The overall score uses 25/25/25/15/10 weights. An unassessed price is excluded and the remaining weights are proportionally renormalised.
Composition / strength
Atipamezole5 mg/ml
Formulation Type
Solution
Administration route
Intramuscular
Manufacturer
Biotecsi Ltd · Georgia
Manufacturer (register)
Biotecsi Ltd, Georgia
Manufacturer and country as in the veterinary medicines register (National Food Agency), row 1042, 19 Oct 2026.
Source: NFA veterinary medicines register ↗
Registration
Georgia Yes, veterinary
In force until 09 Apr 2029
Veterinary (National Food Agency)
In the register: ანტიმედი
№ 000585
Verified on: 18 Oct 2026
 EU No
Verified on: 22 Oct 2026
 UK No
Verified on: 22 Oct 2026
Controlled in Georgia
No
Checked against the narcotics law, Annex 1, lists I-IV, and Order No. 22/n.
Verified on: 18 Oct 2026
Information not fully verified IM once, normally 15–60 minutes after medetomidine/dexmedetomidine; expected reversal begins in 5–10 minutes. Dog: atipamezole microgram dose is 5× the preceding medetomidine dose; with 5 mg/ml Antimed after 1 mg/ml Imomedine, the ml volume is equal (label example 0.4 ml/10 kg). Cat: 2.5× the medetomidine dose; the Antimed ml volume is half the Imomedine volume (example 0.2 ml/5 kg). Repeat after 10–15 minutes only if depression persists and the original drug, concentration, dose, combinations and physiology have been reassessed. These are dose relationships, not a universal fixed volume.

Antisedan, Solution

Atipamezole hydrochloride 5 mg/ml, solution for injection for dogs and cats
vetman assessment
vetman’s 10-point assessment brings together a product’s regulatory credibility, clinical efficacy, safety and practicality. Cost-effectiveness is assessed only when reliable data are available. It is informational and does not replace a veterinarian’s clinical judgment for an individual patient.
Dog Full canine label: reversal of the sedative, analgesic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, including labelled postoperative recovery protocols
8.6/10
Very good
vetman assessment

Antisedan

Atipamezole hydrochloride 5 mg/ml, solution for injection for dogs and cats
Assessed clinical scopeDog · Full canine label: reversal of the sedative, analgesic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, including labelled postoperative recovery protocols · Intramuscular
Care settingMonitored veterinary recovery after medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, with the preceding protocol and dose known
vetman score 8.6/10 Very good
Evidence confidence: High Georgia: Yes, veterinary · Verified on 18 Oct 2026

A well documented and highly practical specific reversal agent for canine medetomidine or dexmedetomidine protocols. It reliably accelerates arousal, but the patient remains an anaesthesia-recovery patient until cardiovascular function and the risk of resedation are reassessed.

Regulatory and scientific credibility9.0/10

The exact product is registered in Georgia and has a current detailed VMD SPC with explicit species-specific dose ratios, timing, adverse events and interaction limits.

Clinical efficacy8.5/10

Controlled dose-response evidence and long clinical use support rapid reversal, but modern haemodynamic work shows that awakening does not guarantee immediate restoration of heart rate or cardiac index and resedation can occur.

Safety and tolerability8.0/10

Adverse events are very rare in the label, but transient hypotension, tachycardia, hyperactivity, gastrointestinal signs and incomplete cardiovascular recovery require continued observation.

Clinical practicality9.0/10

A single IM injection with a simple volume relationship to the preceding alpha-2 agonist and typical rapid arousal is highly practical when the original drug, concentration and dose are known.

Full-course cost-effectiveness-

Price was not assessed and is excluded from the overall score.

Important safety and use flags

  • Do not use in hypersensitivity. Do not use atipamezole to reverse a canine protocol that included ketamine with medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, with or without butorphanol.
  • The microgram dose is five times the preceding medetomidine dose or ten times the dexmedetomidine dose; verify the original drug, concentration and administered dose before calculating volume.
  • Allow recovery in a maximally quiet place. Continue cardiovascular observation: transient hypotension may occur in the first ten minutes and awakening may precede full haemodynamic recovery or be followed by resedation.
  • Concurrent use of other CNS-active drugs is not recommended except for combinations specifically described in the SPC.
  • Safety during pregnancy and lactation is not established; use is not recommended.
  • Very rare events include behavioural change, hyperactivity, tachycardia, vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation and panting; overdose may cause transient over-alertness and tachycardia.
  • Atipamezole reverses medetomidine or dexmedetomidine; it is not a general antidote for unrelated sedatives or anaesthetics.
Assessment sources
  1. VMD SPC 20252025
  2. Dog atipamezole dose-response trial1990
  3. Dog atipamezole haemodynamic trial2019
Assessed: 22 Oct 2026The overall score uses 25/25/25/15/10 weights. An unassessed price is excluded and the remaining weights are proportionally renormalised.
Cat Full feline label: reversal of the sedative, analgesic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, including recovery after labelled ketamine combinations
8.4/10
Very good
vetman assessment

Antisedan

Atipamezole hydrochloride 5 mg/ml, solution for injection for dogs and cats
Assessed clinical scopeCat · Full feline label: reversal of the sedative, analgesic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, including recovery after labelled ketamine combinations · Intramuscular
Care settingMonitored veterinary recovery after medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, with active warming and strict ketamine timing
vetman score 8.4/10 Very good
Evidence confidence: Medium Georgia: Yes, veterinary · Verified on 18 Oct 2026

A strong specific reversal option for feline alpha-2 protocols with direct randomized clinical support. Its excellent practical value depends on exact dose-ratio calculation, temperature support and never reversing a ketamine-containing protocol too early.

Regulatory and scientific credibility9.0/10

The exact product is registered in Georgia and has a current detailed VMD SPC with explicit feline dose ratios, a maximum ratio, ketamine timing and adverse-event guidance.

Clinical efficacy8.5/10

A blinded randomized multicentre trial in 120 cats found complete reversal of sedation and analgesia with recovery of heart rate and prevention of further respiratory-rate and temperature decline; evidence outside that principal protocol is thinner.

Safety and tolerability7.5/10

Labelled adverse events are very rare, but hypothermia can persist after partial reversal and administration before ketamine has cleared can precipitate convulsions; tachycardia or over-alertness can follow overdose.

Clinical practicality8.5/10

A single IM injection and rapid arousal are practical, but the half-volume calculation, dose-ratio ceiling, active warming and mandatory 30-40 minute delay after ketamine add clinically important checks.

Full-course cost-effectiveness-

Price was not assessed and is excluded from the overall score.

Important safety and use flags

  • Do not use in hypersensitivity. After a ketamine-containing protocol, do not administer atipamezole until at least 30-40 minutes after ketamine; earlier alpha-2 reversal can precipitate convulsions.
  • The microgram dose is 2.5 times the preceding medetomidine dose or five times the dexmedetomidine dose and must not exceed four or eight times respectively; verify the original concentration and dose.
  • Allow recovery in a maximally quiet place and continue active temperature monitoring and warming; hypothermia can persist even after low-dose partial reversal has awakened the cat.
  • Concurrent use of other CNS-active drugs is not recommended except for combinations specifically described in the SPC.
  • Safety during pregnancy and lactation is not established; use is not recommended.
  • Very rare events include behavioural change, hyperactivity, tachycardia, vomiting, diarrhoea, hypersalivation and panting; overdose may cause transient over-alertness and tachycardia.
  • Atipamezole reverses medetomidine or dexmedetomidine; it is not a general antidote for unrelated sedatives or anaesthetics.
Assessment sources
  1. VMD SPC 20252025
  2. Feline dexmedetomidine-atipamezole trial2006
Assessed: 22 Oct 2026The overall score uses 25/25/25/15/10 weights. An unassessed price is excluded and the remaining weights are proportionally renormalised.
Composition / strength
Atipamezole5 mg/ml
Formulation Type
Solution
Administration route
Intramuscular
Manufacturer
Orion Corporation · Finland
Registration
Georgia Yes, veterinary
Veterinary (National Food Agency)
In the register: ანტისედანი
Verified on: 18 Oct 2026
 EU Yes, veterinary
Verified on: 18 Oct 2026
 UK Yes, veterinary
№ Vm 06043/4004
Verified on: 18 Oct 2026
 US Yes, veterinary
№ NADA 141-033
Verified on: 18 Oct 2026
Controlled in Georgia
No
Checked against the narcotics law, Annex 1, lists I-IV, and Order No. 22/n.
Verified on: 18 Oct 2026

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This reference is still growing. Missing a product? Let us know. · Report an error or request an addition · Updated: 23 Oct 2026

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